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Adult ADHD and Comorbid Disorders Many adults with ADHD also suffer from comorbid conditions, such as major depression (Kessler and colleagues 2006). Many people who suffer from depression aren't able to take medications and may be able to benefit from therapy. Medications that most effectively improve the most fundamental symptoms of ADHD are those that boost and balance levels of specific neurotransmitters in the brain. The most frequently prescribed stimulants include amphetamine, methylphenidate and similar drugs. webpage can use many drugs that are prescribed for ADHD in children. The dosages and the side effects can be different. A doctor will take into consideration the medical history of the patient, family history, and other health issues to determine which medication is best for them. The most well-known ADHD medication is a stimulant. It works by altering the levels of norepinephrine, and dopamine in the brain. Stimulants such as methylphenidate or dextro-amphe (commonly called Adderall) boost the supply of these neurotransmitters. They help improve focus and reduce impulsivity and aggression. They come in various forms like chewable tablets, liquids, and skin patches. These long-acting stimulants are preferred because they improve patient compliance, as well as a smoother, longer-lasting improvement in symptoms. It is crucial to remember that co-occurring disorders like anxiety or depression may influence the response to ADHD medication. Therefore, it is recommended that these psychiatric issues be treated first, with medication used as secondary measure. Medications that can be used to treat comorbid mood disorders include atomoxetine, bupropion and tricyclic antidepressants (Wilens 2004). Certain patients may experience an “rebound” effect in which they experience an increase in ADHD symptoms after stopping stimulant medication. In these instances, a short trial of a low dose of stimulant medication could be helpful. Certain people are not able to take stimulant medications or take it because of drug misuse or other health issues such as severe hypertension or heart issues. In these situations, non-stimulant medications such as atomoxetine (Strattera) and viloxazine (Qelbree) can be effective. These drugs do not have the same level of adverse effects as stimulants and carry a lower risks of misuse and diversion. Psychotherapy Psychotherapy (talk therapy) can be helpful for those suffering from ADHD. It can help them develop techniques to improve their lives to manage anxiety and stress, resolve conflicts, and manage problems in relationships or at work. It can also assist with people with mental disorders that coexist, such as depression and addiction disorders. Talk therapies include cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), mind-body cognitive therapy and schema therapy. These treatments are based on the notion that a person's beliefs and thoughts affect how they think, feel and behave. CBT helps individuals identify negative patterns of behavior and thoughts and then formulate and implement strategies to change them. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy employs techniques of meditation to help a person learn to focus on their thoughts and emotions, control impulses and improve their executive functioning. Schema therapy, as well as other forms of psychotherapy that focus on a person's history with their family could be beneficial for those who suffer from ADHD with significant secondary issues. In addition to medications, psychotherapy can help address the particular issues caused by ADHD problems, like having trouble staying on track with schoolwork, resolving conflict and being able to get together with others, losing important dates or responsibilities and making impulsive choices that can lead to legal or financial problems. It can also help people to identify and resolve issues that be contributing to their ADHD symptoms, such as depression or anxiety. Psychotherapy can help people find healthy strategies for coping and decrease stress. For instance exercising, improving sleep and healthy eating habits. It can also provide assistance to a family or partner member who is struggling with the effects of ADHD on their relationship. Therapy for families and marriage can assist families and couples communicate better and understand how to manage ADHD symptoms together. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) CBT is a type of psychotherapy that focuses on transforming the negative patterns of thinking that clients have. It employs dialogue based on skill with a skilled mental health professional (a therapist) to address the underlying causes of their symptoms. The aim of this treatment is to overcome limitations and implement strategies for coping that are compatible with the daily routine of the client. Therapists who specialize in adult ADHD-CBT show clients to recognize unhelpful thought patterns and help them learn to replace them with more productive thoughts. This process can take a while. However, it's a good option for those who are not getting adequate relief from their medication. In a recent RCT that was conducted, it was discovered that cognitive behavioral therapy paired with medication is superior over cognitive behavior therapy by itself in terms of improving core symptoms, emotional symptom self-esteem, and social performance in adults with ADHD (Clarke and co. 2017). The combination of CBT and methylphenidate is especially effective for those with more severe underlying issues. The therapists that provide this kind of treatment usually work with the client to devise an action plan specific to addressing their problems. They teach them a set of practical skills that are simple to master and have a high probability of success. A chart system is often utilized to track the progress of a child and reward positive behavior. In the case of a child, this might be a daily journal which outlines the school tasks or positive behavior they must perform and an approach to recording and earning rewards. The therapists can also discuss the possibility that negative consequences might be inflicted upon a child who isn't able to finish their work. This can be done in a very sensitive and calming manner. Metacognitive Therapy A newer form of therapy, metacognitive therapy helps people change the way they think. This kind of treatment can be effective for people suffering from a range of mental health issues, including depression. It is a form of cognitive behavioral therapy which assists people in recognizing negative thinking patterns and their effects on their moods. This type of therapy may also assist in the acquisition of psychological tools that are flexible and useful. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between metacognitive capabilities and daily functioning in adults with ADHD. To do this we compared self- and informant-rated daily functioning impairments with the predictors of metacognition (comprehensive Knowledge, Regulation of Cognition, Debugging, Information Management and Evaluation). It was found that comprehensive knowledge was related to daily functioning in adults with ADHD but that regulatory processes were not. The predictors of metacognition had moderate predictive power, which suggests that they could explain an important amount of variations in the daily functioning of people with ADHD. Metacognitive Therapy (MCT) is an treatment which focuses on reversing dysfunctional metacognitive belief patterns that perpetuate mental states such as worry, rumination, or attention fixation. MCT was developed by Adrian Wells based on an information processing model by Wells and Gerald Matthews. A case series has proven the effectiveness of MCT in reducing anxiety, but it's still relatively in its infancy and more research is required to determine its efficacy for other disorders. This study was created to evaluate the efficacy of MCT to alleviate symptoms of illness anxiety disorder. However it could be used to treat a variety disorders and is more effective than any other therapy. It's important to keep in mind that this isn't a cure for ADHD however it can be employed as an adjunctive therapy. Family Therapy In family therapy, the Therapist works with the entire family. All members can better understand the client's issues and learn how they can help their loved ones. It also helps them cope with their frustrations and develop more effective communication skills. This kind of counseling can be utilized to treat comorbid conditions, such as depression and substance abuse that are commonly associated as a result of ADHD. The therapist will begin with an intake session to better understand the family's perspective and determine whether they are suitable for intervention with the family. The session can be conducted in person or online. The therapist will discuss the nature of the treatment with each client and lay out the rules and guidelines of family therapy. A therapist with experience treating adults suffering from ADHD will ask a lot of questions to gain an understanding of the client's present symptoms, their history, and their impact on their work life, family life and relationships. They will also inquire whether any other mental health issues are present, such depression or anxiety. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a structured form of counseling that teaches you how to change your negative patterns of thinking and to manage your behavior. It focuses on improving self-esteem and self control by teaching you how to handle stress and anger. This is a short-term solution that can be used alongside other types of psychotherapy. Individual talk therapy can help people suffering from ADHD deal with emotional burdens resulting from long-standing patterns of underachievement, failure academic struggles, frequent job changes and conflict in relationships. It can teach you strategies for coping with stress and stress reduction as well as how to manage your finances and time. It can also address problems that are comorbid, such as anxiety and mood disorders, which are often seen with ADHD.